15038 studies
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause small intestinal injury and dysbiosis. Although NSAID-induced dysbiosis is well-characterized and contributes to enteropathy, the changes in host-bacterial interactions duri…
Sterile inflammation, resulting from hepatocyte death and subsequent release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), significantly contributes to liver disease pathogenesis. Neutrophils, as primary responders to liver injury, undergo NETosis…
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease driven by oxidative stress and inflammation, yet it lacks effective treatments that simultaneously combine antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This scarcity underscores the need for innovative…
Urinary proteins offer multifaceted insights into tissue repair, dysfunction, and renal health, with significant implications for both human and veterinary medicine. However, marine mammal medicine lacks comprehensive studies on urine protein composi…
S protein is conserved among streptococci and contributes to group A Streptococcus virulence, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. Here we used genetic, biochemical, single-molecule, in vitro and in vivo analyses to show that S protein is crucial…
The escalating global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and chronic biofilm-associated infections underscores the urgent need for novel therapeutic agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer a promising alternative due to their potent activit…
The etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains under active debate. In this perspective, we explore the hypothesis that a primarily infection-caused chronic dysregulation and weakening of human innate immunity via the underexpression, degradation,…
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which CXCL2 contributes to the pathogenesis of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). METHODS: Neutrophils were isolated, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps…
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections poses global health challenges, highlighting the urgent need for new antimicrobial agents. The key advantages of antimicrobial peptides are their ability to rapid bactericida…
Cathelicidins are evolutionarily conserved host defence peptides known for their dual antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions. Among them, LL-37 in humans and CRAMP in rodents have emerged as crucial regulators of both mucosal immunity and CNS i…
The gastrointestinal tract hosts a diverse microbial community, named the intestinal microbiota, which plays a vital role in gut health. Host defense peptides (HDPs), such as defensins, help regulate interactions between the host and its microbiota.…
Immune cell populations are dysregulated in COVID-19 for currently unknown reasons: Plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) populations are reduced, thus hampering antiviral responses. CD8T cell populations are reduced, the level of which has emerged as an…
Cathelicidins are crucial antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that play a key role in the innate immunity of marine vertebrates. The pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps), which resides in environments populated by diverse microbial communities, faces comple…
BACKGROUND: The evidence of a low-biomass microbial community in the amniotic fluid (AF) is challenging the traditional concept of a sterile womb. To clarify microbial presence and host responses, a comprehensive, multi-methodological approach is req…
BBi32, isolated from a healthy infant, underwent a multi-tiered safety assessment to evaluate its genetic features, in vitro properties, and effects on gut microbiota and host biomarkers. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and functional annotation were p…
Endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from host proteins represent a largely underexplored class of natural products tied to innate immunity. Here, we investigated collagen proteins as a source of latent α-helical AMPs encoded within nonfi…
BACKGROUND: During airway inflammation, chemokines, oxylipins (bioactive lipids) and cationic host defence peptides (CHDP) are enhanced in the lungs. However, the interplay of these molecules in the process of airway inflammation is not fully resolve…
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising agents against infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Notably, the human AMPs LL-37 and α-defensin (HNP1) exhibit a cooperative effect, synergistically killing bacteria while reducing host cytot…
TLR-targeted immunotherapy represents a promising strategy for combating infectious diseases by initiating or enhancing protective antimicrobial immunity. Here, we identified the first frog-derived TLR2 and TLR4 agonist, Cathelicidin-Ka (Cath-Ka), fr…
INTRODUCTION: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have been widely investigated for their pro-angiogenic and immunomodulatory roles in the repair of infected wounds. However, the direct antimicrobial effects of ADSCs and the underlying reg…