A synthetic peptide fragment of thymosin beta-4, researched for wound healing and tissue repair.
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a 43-amino acid signature motif peptide that defines the beta-thymosin (βT) family of proteins. βTs are intrinsically unstructured in their free states and undergo disorder-to-order transitions in carrying out their biological fu…
Liver fibrosis, a major characteristic of chronic liver disease, is inappropriate tissue remodeling caused by prolonged parenchymal cell injury and inflammation. During liver injury, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) undergo transdifferentiation from qui…
Treatment with thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) reduces infarct volume and preserves cardiac function in preclinical models of cardiac ischemic injury. These effects stem in part from decreased infarct size, but additional benefits are likely due to specific an…
The burden of cardiovascular disease is a growing worldwide issue that demands attention. While many clinical trials are ongoing to test therapies for treating the heart after myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure, there are few options doctor…
No agent has been identified that significantly accelerates the repair of chronic dermal wounds in humans. Thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) is a small, abundant, naturally occurring regenerative protein that is found in body fluids and inside cells. It was foun…
Chronic ocular surface diseases such as dry eye, blepharitis, and neurotrophic keratopathies represent a significant and a growing therapeutic challenge. The basis of this expanding prevalence is multifactorial and may due to issues such as an aging…
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a peptide that is known to play important roles in protection, regeneration, and remodeling of injured tissues in humans, and that shows great promise in a range of clinical applications. However, current strategies to Tβ4 are in…
Thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4), a pleiotropic actin-sequestering polypeptide that is involved in wound healing and developmental processes, has been reported to be strongly associated with tumorigenesis. A recent tissue microarray analysis showed that Tβ4 was…
Glomerular disease is characterized by morphologic changes in podocyte cells accompanied by inflammation and fibrosis. Thymosin βregulates cell morphology, inflammation, and fibrosis in several organs and administration of exogenous thymosin βimprove…
The clinical significance of thymosin β4 (Tβ4) expression in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC) remains unclear. The present study assessed the relationship between the expression of Tβ4 protein and the clinicopathological features, as well a…
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics are controlled by various actin binding proteins (ABPs) that modulate the polymerization of the monomeric G-actin and the depolymerization of filamentous F-actin. Although revealing the structures of the actin/ABP complexe…
BACKGROUND: In the present study, we investigated whether thymosin β (Tβ) in saliva and in minor salivary glands is differentially expressed in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and patients with autoimmune diseases (systemic sclerosis […
UNLABELLED: Small peptides with a molecular weight of <2kDa represent a performance-enhancing substances. However, in vivo studies with human volunteers are limited because most of these peptides are not approved for human consumption. Thus, relevant…
AIM: There are no reports regarding the influence of vitamin D on thymosin ß4 and the cluster of differentiation CD4 levels which are important for maintaining a healthy immune system. Consequently, we aimed to explore this relationship through a stu…
According to current data, the thymosin β family is composed of 20 short (40-44 amino acid) peptides, but in a healthy human body only 2 are expressed - thymosin β4 and β10. Their most characteristic feature is the ability to form a complex with mono…
Signaling by small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPase), Rap1/Rac1, is one of the major pathways controlling cancer cell migration and tumor metastasis. Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4), an actin-sequestering protein, has been shown to increase migration of cance…
BACKGROUND: Random skin flaps can be used throughout the hands and fingers. Thymosin β4 can increase blood flow and reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury; the study was undertaken to investigate the effect of thymosin β4 on the survival of random skin f…
Peripheral neuropathy is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus. To investigated the efficacy and safety of the extended treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with thymosin β4 (Tβ4), male diabetic mice (db/db) at the age of 24 weeks were t…
Chronic kidney disease represents a dramatic worldwide resource-consuming problem. This problem is of increasing importance even in preterm infants, since nephrogenesis may go on only for a few weeks (4 to 6 weeks) after birth. Recent literature focu…
Retinoids are an important component of neuroblastoma therapy at the stage of minimal residual disease, yet 40-50% of patients treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) still relapse, indicating the need for more effective retinoid therapy. Vorin…