A naturally occurring copper peptide with roles in wound healing, anti-aging, and tissue remodeling.
A tripeptide growth factor, glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (GHK), was immobilized on the surface of poly(vinylalcohol)-quarternized stilbazole (PVA-SbQ) gel. The photoreactive substance, 4-(3-trifluoromethylazirino)benzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide (TDBA-OSu)…
We investigated the expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in a model of experimental wounds in rats, and their modulation by glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(II), a potent activator of wound repair. Wound chambers were inserted under th…
A selective and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (GHK), a liver-cell growth factor isolated from human plasma, and its metabolite, L-histidyl-L-lysine (H…
Under certain conditions chondrocytes form lattices with cartilage collagens, which may serve as cartilage implants. It is necessary to find the optimal conditions for culturing chondrocytes. Three different supports are compared: (a) plastic; (b) ca…
Evidence is presented that the growth factor glycyl-histidyl-lysine (GHK) binds to heparin, and the interaction has been characterized by [1H]NMR spectroscopy. 1H chemical shifts indicate that GHK interacts with both the carboxylic acid and the carbo…
Since copper [Cu(II)] is a necessary cofactor for both intra-mitochondrial enzymes involved in energy production and hydroxyl scavenger enzymes, two hypothesised mechanisms for action of interleukin-I beta (IL-1 beta), we studied whether Cu(II) addit…
We have studied the effects of the complex Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine:Cu (GHK:Cu), the GHK sequence present in the alpha 2 (I) chain of human collagen (Coll I), and bone matrix glycoproteins containing either RGD (fibronectin, FN), or RGD and GHK (Co…
The iron content of tissue macrophages increases under conditions of elevated extracellular iron. Studies of macrophage iron acquisition have generally focused on iron uptake from transferrin via receptor-mediated endocytosis. However, in vivo macrop…
A multicenter, randomized, evaluator-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine: copper complex (lamin Gel) in the treatment of diabetic neuropathic ulcers. All pati…
A partially retro-inverso analogue of the natural growth factor GHK was synthesized, in which the -CONH- bond between histidine and lysine was modified as -NHCO-. This modification is not expected to perturb the spatial distribution of the side-chain…
The tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ (GHK-Cu) was first described as a growth factor for differentiated cells. Recent in vitro data showed that it possesses several properties of a potential activator of wound repair. We inve…
Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-copper (II) complex (GHK-Cu) is a naturally occurring tripeptide with potential healing properties. We studied the effect of GHK-Cu on the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) by normal human fibroblasts in culture. Cells…
Using a functioning rat thyroid cell line (FRTL-5), we examined the effects of some cytokines, particularly interleukin-1 (IL-1) on the growth of thyroid cells. In 5H medium, namely Coon's modified Ham's F-12 medium supplemented with 5% calf serum an…
The copper binding tripeptide, glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine [GHK:Cu(II)] has a plethora of biological effects related to the wound healing process. The presence of iron complexes in damaged tissues is detrimental to wound healing, due to local inflamma…
Barnacle pheromone enhances the rate of settlement and metamorphosis of larvae of Balanus amphitrite Darwin. Analogs to the heterogenous pheromone peptides were sought. Settlement assays were used to assess both the pheromone and the potential analog…
Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (GHK) is a tripeptide with affinity for copper(II) ions and was isolated from human plasma. This peptide appears to play a physiological role in wound healing. We report the stimulating effect of GHK-Cu on collagen synthesi…
A new strain, named WRT cells, has been generated from primary cultures of rat thyroids. The primary culture was grown in Coon's modified Ham's F12 medium with 5% calf serum, insulin, hydrocortisone, transferrin, somatostatin, glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lys…
The mechanism of transport of Pt(II) and Pd(II) into tissues through blood and that of their elimination in kidney is incompletely known so far. In this respect, the binding of palladium by the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (GHL), a constitue…
Differentiation of the respiratory region of fetal mouse lungs was investigated in serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors and hormones. Terminal buds from the margins of a lobe were removed from 16-day fetuses and organ cultures prepared…