A naturally occurring copper peptide with roles in wound healing, anti-aging, and tissue remodeling.
Oxidative stress, disrupted copper homeostasis, and neuroinflammation due to overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines are considered leading causative factors in development of age-associated neurodegenerative conditions. Recently, a new mechanism…
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: Skin retention and penetration by copper applied as glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine cuprate diacetate was evaluated in vitro in order to assess its potential for its transdermal delivery as an anti-inflammatory agent. MATERIALS AND M…
Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(II) (GHK-Cu(2+))-loaded Zn-pectinate microparticles in the form of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) compression-coated tablets were prepared and their in vitro behavior tested. GHK-Cu(2+) delivery to colon can be useful for…
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: The skin retention and penetration characteristics of copper applied as glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine cuprate diacetate were evaluated in vitro in order to assess the potential for its transdermal delivery as anti-inflammatory agen…
Tissue remodeling follows the initial phase of wound healing and stops inflammatory and scar-forming processes, then restores the normal tissue morphology. The human peptide Gly-(L-His)-(L-Lys) or GHK, has a copper 2+ (Cu(2+)) affinity similar to the…
This study concerning the permeability through skin barriers of copper complexes with peptides is an important part of the research on their biological activity. The transport of copper complexes through the skin is essential in treatment of dermatol…
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of Cu-GHK aids for the LED-PI on fibroblast proliferation and collagen production in vitro. BACKGROUND DATA: Light-emitting diode photoirradiation (LED-PI) and copper-glycyl-L-histidy…
In mammalian organisms copper can be found mainly in the form of complex with specific tripeptide, GHK-Cu (glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu(II)). GHK-Cu is the basic form in which copper is transported in tissues and permeates through cell membranes. Th…
Aggregation of the beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) to amyloid plaques is a key event in Alzheimer's disease. According to the amyloid-cascade hypothesis, Abeta aggregates are toxic to neurons through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Copp…
Histidine-containing oligopeptides are currently studied as detoxifying agents against cytotoxic alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes (prototype: 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, HNE), electrophilic end products formed by decomposition of omega-6 polyunsaturated fat…
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of skin care products that contain a copper tripeptide complex, glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu(2+) (GHK-Cu), in treating carbon dioxide (CO(2)) laser-resurfaced skin. METHODS: Patients meeting the inclusion criteria und…
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of copper tripeptide (GHK-Cu) on the growth and autocrine production of basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor beta1, and vascular endothelial growth factor by normal and irradiated fibroblasts i…
Complex-formation equilibria between the Ni(II) ion and the natural tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine have been investigated. Two synthetic analogues, where the histidine residue has been substituted with L-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyr…
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of topical glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine tripeptide-copper complex (TCC; Iamin 2% Gel; Procyte Corporation, Redmond, WA) on healing in ischemic open wounds. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Twenty-f…
Though sex steroids are found to influence thyroid pathogenesis in human and in animals, their role in normal thyroid growth and thyrocyte proliferation is not yet understood fully. The present study is addressed to know the effect of testosterone an…
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of copper tripeptide and tretinoin on normal and keloid-producing dermal fibroblasts in a serum-free in vitro model. The cellular response was described in terms of viability and secretion of basic fibroblast growth…
Copper complex formation equilibria of glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (Gly-His-Lys, GHK) and of two synthetic analogues, where the histidine residue was replaced with a synthetic amino acid (L-spinacine or L-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline-3-carboxylic a…
Glycyl-histidyl-lysine-Cu(2+) is a tripeptide-copper complex previously shown to be an activator of wound healing. We have investigated the effects of glycyl-histidyl-lysine-Cu(2+) on the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and small proteoglycans in a m…
Glycyl-histidyl-lysine-Cu2+ (GHK-Cu) is a tripeptide-copper complex known to be a potent wound healing agent. We previously showed its ability to stimulate in vitro and in vivo the synthesis of extracellular matrix components. The aim of this study w…
Cationic polyamidoamine dendrimers are known to be highly branched cascade polymers. Tripeptide growth factor, glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (GHK), was employed as a ligand for activation or attachment of cells from a rat hepatoma cell line, H4-H-E-C3,…