TB-500

Skin wound treatment is hindered by the poor penetration of large therapeutics and a lack of treatments that effectively regulate immune environments. While microneedles (MNs) can bypass the skin, they destabilize sensitive peptides, including thymos…

Intrauterine adhesions (IUA), a leading cause of female infertility, result from a pathological switch in the uterine injury response from regeneration to fibrotic scarring. Current treatments are often inadequate as they fail to address this fundame…

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic peptides are short-chain amino acids that regulate cellular functions and facilitate biochemical processes. In recent years, there has been significant growth in the global market for therapeutic peptides and thus its populari…

Treatment based on BRAF/MEK kinase inhibitors is one of the most commonly used methods in advanced melanoma therapy, but patients often develop resistance to treatment. Treatment-resistant cells can affect other cancer cells and the tumor microenviro…

While predominantly studied in cytoplasmic contexts, actin plays critical roles in the nucleus, regulating genome accessibility, transcription, and DNA repair. Cell-based studies have contributed to a widely accepted model in which the import factor…

Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a highly acidic, intrinsically disordered 43-amino-acid peptide with diverse biological functions, yet its interactions with metal ions remain poorly understood. In this study, we provide the first experimental demonstration that…

Therapeutic peptides are emerging as promising adjuncts in the management of orthopaedic injuries, grounded in their ability to modulate molecular signaling networks central to cellular medicine. By acting on key pathways such as PI3K/Akt, mTOR, MAPK…

Photoaffinity Labeling-Affinity-Based Protein Profiling (PAL-AfBPP) provides breakthrough solutions in a variety of fields such as target protein discovery. The selection of photoaffinity connectors is the key component of PAL-AfBPP probe design and…

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder defined by neuroinflammation, neurite atrophy, and cognitive decline. This study explored the therapeutic potential of Thymosin β4 (Tβ4)-derived peptides (TB500 and Ac-SDKP) in miti…

Over the past decades, the escalating global burden of kidney disease has underscored an urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4), a highly conserved 43-amino-acid peptide encoded by the X-linked TMSB4x gene, is the predom…

Ovarian cancer is a gynecologic malignancy with high mortality and poor prognosis. Chemoresistance is a key cause of ovarian cancer recurrence and metastasis. It has been found that some bioactive peptides can inhibit the growth and metastasis of can…

AIMS: Despite advancements in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), cardiac dysfunction remains a challenge in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Although thymosin beta 4 has shown cardioprotective effects i…

PURPOSE: Thymosin beta-4 (TB4) is a small peptide upregulated in injured tissues, playing roles in cell migration, angiogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Studies show TB4 significantly promotes corneal wound healing after injury, leading t…

Bottom-up proteomics introduces proteoform ambiguity due to the loss of connectivity between peptides and their original proteoforms. Top-down proteomics (TDP) removes the ambiguity through the direct identification and characterization of intact pro…

Although a myocardial infarction occurs roughly every minute in the U.S. alone, medical research has yet to unlock the key to fully enabling post-hypoxic myocardial regeneration. Thymosin beta-4 (TB4), a short, secreted peptide, was shown to possess…

BACKGROUND: Mast cells (MCs) under stress conditions contribute to the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), yet their precise mechanisms in IBS remain unclear. AIM: To investigate the role of MC-derived thymosin β4 (Tβ4) in stress-induced i…

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to analyze in depth the importance of the thymosin beta 4 X-linked gene (TMSB4X) in the disease process of gliomas for the prediction of patient prognosis. METHODS: We explored the expression of TMSB4X by analyzi…

Accelerating angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and in situ stem cell recruitment at the site of bone defects is critical for bone regenerative repair. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) exosomes are cell-free therapeutic agents with bone-enhancing ef…

BACKGROUND: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis primarily affecting children and is a leading cause of acquired heart disease in developed countries. Recently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the close correlations…

The developmental origin of Alzheimer disease (AD) has been proposed but is arguably debated. Here, we developed cerebral organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) associated with familial…