14102 studies
The antibacterial activities of the cathelicidin peptides LL-37 and an 18-residue C-terminal fragment of prophenin, corresponding to positions 62 to 79 of native prophenin (PF-18), were analyzed in the presence of a modified surfactant preparation is…
Synthetic cathelicidin peptides exhibit enhanced antimicrobial action and avid binding to LPS, thereby detoxifying the action of endotoxin released from degrading bacteria. A series of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAP) and sheep myeloid antimi…
LL-37 is a cationic, amphipathic alpha-helical antimicrobial peptide found in humans that kills cells by disrupting the cell membrane. To disrupt membranes, antimicrobial peptides such as LL-37 must alter the hydrophobic core of the bilayer. Differen…
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Public fear of the reintroduction of smallpox as a biological weapon or agent of bioterrorism has led to a renaissance of interest in smallpox, and a military and public health vaccination programme in the USA. Clinical experience…
UNLABELLED: Histone-deacetylase (HDAC) -inhibitors enhance acetylation of core proteins and this is linked to formation of transcriptionally active chromatin in various cells. In this study, the effect of HDAC inhibitors (butyrate, trichostatin A (TS…
Mammalian myeloid and epithelial cells express many antimicrobiotic peptides that contribute to innate host defense against invading microbes. In the present study, a 27-mer peptide of the C-terminal domain (hCAP18(109-135)) and analogs of the antimi…
The human cationic antimicrobial peptide hCAP-18/LL-37 is the unique cathelicidin identified in human to date. It has broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities and LPS-neutralizing activity and is involved in angiogenesis. Both purified and syntheti…
The 54-kDa extracellular metalloprotease ZapA is an important virulence factor of uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis. While ZapA has the ability to degrade host immunoglobulins (Igs), the dramatic attenuation of virulence in ZapA mutants suggests that t…
The hormonal form of vitamin D(3), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)), is an immune system modulator and induces expression of the TLR coreceptor CD14. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) signals through the vitamin D receptor, a ligand-stimulated transcriptio…
OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial peptides are important effectors of innate immunity. Bacteria display multiple defence mechanisms against these peptides. For example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa releases potent proteinases that inactivate the human cathelicidin…
The respiratory epithelium plays a major role in the primary defense of the airways against infection. It has been demonstrated that bacterial products are involved in the induction of inflammatory reactions of the upper airways. Little is known abou…
BACKGROUND: The antimicrobial peptides human beta-defensin 1 and 2 (hBD-1 and 2) and the cathelicidin LL-37/hCAP-18 are key factors in innate immune responses of the respiratory tract. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of thes…
Humans are one of the few species that resist infection by Trypanosoma brucei brucei because the parasites are killed by lytic factors found in human serum. Trypanosome lytic factors (TLFs) are protein/lipid complexes that contain apolipoprotein A-I…
The significant human bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes expresses GRAB, a surface protein that binds alpha(2)-macroglobulin (alpha(2)M), a major proteinase inhibitor of human plasma. alpha(2)M inhibits proteolysis by trapping the proteinase,…
Cathelicidin LL-37 is one of the few human bactericidal peptides with potent antistaphylococcal activity. In this study we examined the susceptibility of LL-37 to proteolytic degradation by two major proteinases produced by Staphylococcus aureus, a m…
Innate antimicrobial peptides are considered to play an important role in host defense against microbial invasion. They are expressed in a wide variety of organisms. In the case of human beings, defensins and the cathelicidin LL-37 appear to be the m…
To investigate whether LL-37 and human beta defensin-2 (hBD-2) is related to the patients with psoriasis seldom having skin infections and explore the role of the two peptides and CCR6 (the receptor of hBD-2) in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, the exp…
OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to define the spectrum, activity, and spatial distribution of antimicrobial peptides in vernix caseosa and amniotic fluid in the absence of clinical chorioamnionitis. STUDY DESIGN: Characterization of innate immun…
OBJECTIVE: A mouse model of staphylococcal sepsis was used to compare the efficacy of the bovine antimicrobial peptide BMAP-28, a compound of the cathelicidin family, with that of conventional antibiotics. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled…
Breast-feeding decreases the risk of breast cancer in mothers and infection, allergy, and autoimmunity in infants. The presence of mediators of the innate immune system in human milk, including soluble defensins, cathelicidins, and toll-like receptor…