14102 studies
The interaction of bacterial exopolysaccharides, produced by opportunistic lung pathogens, with antimicrobial peptides of the innate primate immune system was investigated. The exopolysaccharides were produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Inquilinus li…
PURPOSE: Three familial cases of each of severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) and cyclic neutropenia (CN) in addition to 3 sporadic cases of SCN were analyzed for neutrophil elastase (Ela2) gene mutation. The contents of the neutrophil-specific granul…
BACKGROUND: Bovine tuberculosis is a highly prevalent infectious disease of cattle worldwide; however, infection in the United States is limited to 0.01% of dairy herds. Thus detection of bovine TB is confounded by high background infection with M. a…
The active form of vitamin D(3), 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)], is a potent ligand for the nuclear receptor vitamin D receptor (VDR) and induces myeloid leukemia cell differentiation. The cardiotonic steroid bufalin enhances vitam…
LL-37 is a human cationic host defense peptide (antimicrobial peptide) belonging to the cathelicidin family of peptides. In this study, LL-37 was shown to kill Jurkat T leukemia cells via apoptosis. A loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fra…
BACKGROUND: An important aspect of the innate immune response to pathogens is the production of anti-microbial peptides such as cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP), the murine homologue of human cathelicidin LL-37. In this study, mecha…
Most antimicrobial peptides exert their activity by interacting with bacterial membranes, thus perturbing their permeability. They are investigated as a possible solution to the insurgence of bacteria resistant to the presently available antibiotic d…
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are secreted in the airway and contribute to initial defence against inhaled pathogens. Infections of the respiratory tract are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm newborns and in patients with cystic fib…
We have analysed the effects of variations in orang-utan (ppy), rhesus macaque (mmu) and leaf eater (pob) monkey orthologues of the human cathelicidin LL-37, on a range of relevant biological activities. These host defence peptides range in cationici…
BACKGROUND: Cathelicidin LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide, is part of the host innate immune response in the oral cavity. Interleukin (IL)-18, a proinflammatory cytokine, could play a role in the progression of the inflammatory response. The aim of th…
Emerging evidence suggests that the antimicrobial peptide, leucine leucine-37 (LL-37), could play a role in the progression of solid tumors. LL-37 is expressed as the COOH terminus of human cationic antimicrobial protein-18 (hCAP-18) in ovarian, brea…
Antimicrobial effector mechanisms are central to the function of the innate immune response in host defense against microbial pathogens. In humans, activation of Toll-like receptor 2/1 (TLR2/1) on monocytes induces a vitamin D dependent antimicrobial…
Chicken host defense peptide cathelicidin-2 (CATH-2) is known to exert antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities and consists of two alpha-helices connected by a hinge region. Here we report the biological properties of the separate alpha-helical…
The immunomodulatory cationic host defence peptide LL-37 plays an important role in epithelial innate immunity; at higher concentrations (20-50 microg mL(-1)) associated with inflammation, LL-37 elicits the production of cytokines and chemokines. It…
Little is known about the regulation of the innate host defense peptide cathelicidin at the mucosal surfaces. Expression is believed to be transcriptionally regulated, and several cis-acting elements have been identified in the cathelicidin putative…
Antimicrobial peptides, such as cathelicidin and beta defensins, directly kill microbes and have been detected in human sebaceous glands and cell lines. Despite the presence of several such peptides, the apparent abundance of these is insufficient fo…
Burkholderia cenocepacia secretes two zinc-dependent metalloproteases, designated ZmpA and ZmpB. Previously, ZmpA and ZmpB have been shown to cleave several proteins important in host defence. In this study, the ability of ZmpA and ZmpB to digest and…
There is an abundance of antimicrobial peptides in cystic fibrosis (CF) lungs. Despite this, individuals with CF are susceptible to microbial colonization and infection. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial response within the CF lung, fo…
Human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) and the human cathelicidin LL-37 are antimicrobial peptides secreted by neutrophils, which play a crucial role in innate immune responses. The aim of this study was to establish a new method for ProteinChip arrays in…