Cathelicidin-1 as a potential biomarker for anestrus detection in cows.

Cathelicidin-1, an antimicrobial peptide, has garnered attention for its potential role as a biomarker in detecting anestrus in cows, providing insights into bovine reproductive health. This study aimed to analyse cathelicidin-1 within the urinary proteome and evaluate its effectiveness as a diagnostic tool for anestrus in cows. The study employed tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry techniques to identify and characterize cathelicidin-1 in the context of anestrus in cows. The analysis confirmed the presence and distinct profile of cathelicidin-1, highlighting its significance in reflecting the physiological and pathophysiological states associated with anestrus. Cathelicidin-1 as a promising diagnostic biomarker for anestrus in cows could revolutionize bovine reproductive management by offering more precise and advanced detection methods compared to the traditional, time-consuming, and sometimes inaccurate approaches, like behavioral observation or hormonal assays. If cathelicidin-1 can be detected non-invasively, it would not only enhance early detection and timely intervention but also reduce the need for invasive procedures, thereby improving animal welfare.