An increasing number of multidrug-resistant pathogens is a serious problem of modern medicine and new antibiotics are highly demanded. In this study, different n-alkyl acids (C-C) and aromatic acids (benzoic and-cinnamic) were conjugated to the-terminus of KR12 amide. The effect of this modification on antimicrobial activity (ESKAPE bacteria and biofilm of) and cytotoxicity (human red blood cells and HaCaT cell line) was examined. The effect of lipophilic modifications on helicity was studied by CD spectroscopy, whereas peptide self-assembly was studied by surface tension measurements and NMR spectroscopy. As shown, conjugation of the KR12-NHpeptide with C-Cfatty acid chains enhanced the antimicrobial activity with an optimum demonstrated by C-KR12-NH(MIC 1-4 μg/mL against ESKAPE strains; MBEC of4-16 μg/mL). Correlation between antimicrobial activity and self-assembly behavior of C-KR12-NHand C-KR12-NHhas shown that the former self-assembled into larger aggregated structures, which reduced its antimicrobial activity. In conclusion,-terminal modification can enhance antimicrobial activity of KR12-NH; however, at the same time, the cytotoxicity increases. It seems that the selectivity against pathogens over human cells can be achieved through conjugation of peptide-terminus with appropriate n-alkyl fatty and aromatic acids.