Observational study in Egyptian adults examining whether vitamin A deficiency alters thymosin β4 and CD4+ T-cell levels. Vitamin A-deficient subjects showed significantly reduced serum TB4 concentrations alongside lower CD4+ counts compared to vitamin A-sufficient controls. Identifies vitamin A status as a modulator of TB4 expression—providing context for how micronutrient deficiency affects TB4-mediated immune regulation and suggesting that vitamin A supplementation may indirectly restore TB4-dependent immune competence in deficient populations.
El-Zayat, Salwa Refat; Sibaii, Hiba; Mahfouz, Nermine N; Sallam, Sara F; Fahmy, Reham F; Abd El-Shaheed, Azza