Tirzepatide

Tirzepatide is well known for its glucose-lowering and weight-reducing effects, primarily through central appetite suppression. However, its direct role in promoting white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We…

Incretin-based therapies currently represent one of the cornerstones in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, owing to their ability to integratively modulate cardiometabolic risk. Semaglutide, a selective agonist of the glucagon-li…

People living with type 1 diabetes have significantly increased cardiovascular risk compared with the general population. Traditional risk factors include hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and obesity. However, those with type 1 diabetes contend with trea…

BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a key pharmacological target in obesity management, associated with sustained weight loss and broader metabolic benefits beyond glycaemic control. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the characteris…

Obesity is a global epidemic, posing significant challenges to individual health and healthcare systems. This article explores the pharmacology of incretin-based therapies beyond single receptor agonists and focuses on their emerging role in obesity…

Dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists (DACRAs) offer a promising strategy for treating obesity and related metabolic disorders but are limited by aggregation and the short half-lives of native peptides. Here, we report the design of a long-act…

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease closely associated with obesity and metabolic dysfunction, which contribute to increased disease severity, reduced treatment response, and impaired quality of life. Incretin-based t…

AIMS: Ramadan fasting poses challenges for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to increased risks of hypoglycemia and metabolic fluctuations. Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, has shown marked efficacy in glycemic control…

Developed to treat type 2 diabetes, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with diabetes, and later in obese patients with cardiovascular disease w…

AIMS: Tirzepatide, an injectable glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (RA), is approved for weight management in several regions. Oral GLP-1 RAs, such as semaglutide, are under invest…

AIMS: To characterize switching among GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in a large private-sector cohort in Poland and to quantify therapy- and patient-level associations with switching while accounting for switching opportunity and calendar-time d…

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based obesity pharmacotherapies have revolutionized obesity treatment. In this review, we discuss the discovery of GLP-1 and evaluate the efficacy of marketed and investigational GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists (GLP-1…

OBJECTIVE: To identify and summarize the most impactful medical articles published in 2025 relevant to primary care. SELECTING THE EVIDENCE: The Patients, Experience, Evidence, Research (PEER) team, a Canadian evidence-based medicine research group w…

The number of patients taking glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) is increasing. Beyond diabetes and weight management, these medications have various effects within the head and neck with both beneficial and potentially adverse clin…

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical characteristics of weight loss drugs (WLDs) users in Norway. DESIGN: Nested population-based case-control study. SETTING: Nationwide healthcare registries with data on dispensed medications and healthcare diagn…

OBJECTIVE: Ketoacidosis is a critical adverse event requiring close clinical monitoring. Based on the Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), this study aimed to identify the drugs with the clos…