A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined racial differences in weight loss and clinical response to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) therapy among adults with obesity using real-world data. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed our institution…
OBJECTIVE: To identify and summarize the most impactful medical articles published in 2025 relevant to primary care. SELECTING THE EVIDENCE: The Patients, Experience, Evidence, Research (PEER) team, a Canadian evidence-based medicine research group w…
INTRODUCTION: This real-world exploratory study in the United States (US) aimed to describe the socio-demographics, clinical characteristics, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and work-related outcomes among people with obesity (PwO) undergoing…
The number of patients taking glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) is increasing. Beyond diabetes and weight management, these medications have various effects within the head and neck with both beneficial and potentially adverse clin…
Incretins have improved the management of obesity and its related complications, but maintaining these health benefits requires ongoing administration, which can be challenging. Orforglipron, a once-daily oral nonpeptide glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-…
BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent and heterogeneous disorder associated with substantial cardiometabolic morbidity. Although continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains first-line therapy, long-term effectiveness…
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize key findings from cardiovascular disease prevention trials at the 2026 American College of Cardiology (ACC) Conference. RECENT FINDINGS: The Ez-PAVE trial demonstrated that targeting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol…
BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are major contributors to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) disease. Tirzepatide (TZP-MJ), originally approved for type 2 diabetes (T2D), has demonstrated significant weight loss beyond glycemic improvement. Des…
INTRODUCTION: Recent pharmacological options for weight management include the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists semaglutide and liraglutide, and the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide,…
(GIP), once the overlooked sibling of the incretin family, is now experiencing a research renaissance. Historically, its therapeutic development was hindered by a seemingly diminished insulinotropic effect in t(T2DM), its paradoxical stimulation of g…
OBJECTIVE: Adjunctive use of tirzepatide or semaglutide has demonstrated benefits in improving glucose control (HbA1c, Time in Range), reducing body weight, and insulin requirements, in overweight (OW) or obese (OB) adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).…
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disorder leading to pulmonary disease, pancreatic insufficiency and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are now being investigated in people with cystic fib…
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The rising global prevalence of obesity has catalyzed the development of potent glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. This narrative review evaluates the efficacy, safety, and practical considerations of injectable s…
AIMS: Tirzepatide has demonstrated potent glucose-lowering efficacy and metabolic benefits in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Phase III clinical trials. However, its efficacy in real-world clinical practice, particularly among patients receivi…
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) represents a severe vascular complication of type 2 diabetes, primarily driven by impaired angiogenic capacity, and frequently results in limb amputation or mortality. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of ti…
Tirzepatide, a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, introduces a mechanistically distinct approach within incretin-based therapies. While its efficacy is established, real-world…
Obesity is an independent driver of cardiovascular disease (CVD), mediated through adverse haemodynamic loading, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and prothrombotic pathways. Contemporary obesity therapies show cardio…
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical characteristics of weight loss drugs (WLDs) users in Norway. DESIGN: Nested population-based case-control study. SETTING: Nationwide healthcare registries with data on dispensed medications and healthcare diagn…
Tirzepatide is a novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist approved for the treatment of type-2 diabetes and for weight management. While generally well-tolerated, common advers…