A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
The development of scalable and efficient manufacturing of high-volume complex synthetic peptides and proteins, like tirzepatide (TZP, 1), faces major hurdles due to the limitations of traditional Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) and Liquid Phase…
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical characteristics of weight loss drugs (WLDs) users in Norway. DESIGN: Nested population-based case-control study. SETTING: Nationwide healthcare registries with data on dispensed medications and healthcare diagn…
PURPOSE: To report historical patterns of pharmaceutical expenditures, to identify factors that may influence future spending, and to predict growth in drug spending in 2026 in the United States, with a focus on the nonfederal hospital and clinic sec…
The rapid proliferation of anti-obesity medications (AOMs), including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), the dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1 agonist tirzepatide, and non-incretin agents, including orl…
BACKGROUND: Psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are chronic immune-mediated diseases often associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), initially developed…
OBJECTIVE: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) such as semaglutide (SEM) and tirzepatide (TZP) were initially approved for type 2 diabetes management but are increasingly used for weight loss. Limited data exist on real-world use am…
We report a case of interstitial nephritis, likely secondary to tirzepatide. A 66-year-old man with type 2 diabetes, stage 3b chronic kidney disease, and other metabolic comorbidities experienced a progressive decline in renal function. Serum creatin…
AIMS: We evaluated the impact of tirzepatide on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in Japanese individuals with obesity disease from the phase 3 SURMOUNT-J trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Japanese adults with obesity disease without diabetes were…
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor (GLP1R) agonists and tirzepatide, a dual GLP1R and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist, have become fundamental in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity due to their pot…
BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and dual GIP/GLP-1 RAs are widely used to manage obesity, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, typically in combination with lifestyle interventions. Their nutritional implications, howeve…
INTRODUCTION: Peptide-based therapeutics represent a rapidly expanding class of drugs. Endogenous peptides typically exhibit short elimination half-lives due to proteolytic cleavage and renal filtration. However, modifications such as amino acid subs…
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285197.].
BACKGROUND: The comparative cardiovascular (CV) efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and established cardiovascular disease (CVD) or high CV risk remain uncertain. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, W…
Objective Tirzepatide, a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has been shown to improve hepatic inflammation and steatosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, whether its…
There is a growing literature on the concurrent use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in patients with psychiatric disorders, and their safety and risks, in addition to potential therapeutic benefits in some disorders. The 2 ca…
BACKGROUND: Compounded versions of tirzepatide are widely available in the U.S. in the form of fixed‑dose combinations of tirzepatide and various analogs of vitamin B12. These combinations are mass marketed in the U.S. and other countries as comparab…
INTRODUCTION: Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is a G-protein-coupled receptor expressed in the hypothalamus, playing a key role in regulating feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. MC4R is integral to the POMC-MC4R and leptin-MC4R pathways, which co…