A triple agonist of GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors being investigated for obesity and type 2 diabetes treatment.
Similar to bariatric surgery, incretin receptor agonists have revolutionized the treatment of obesity, achieving up to 15-25 % weight loss in many patients, i.e., at a rate approaching that achieved with bariatric surgery. However, over 25 % of total…
Retatrutide, a hormone receptor agonist targeting glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, is being developed to treat obesity. A literature review from April 2019 to April 2024 included such terms as "reta…
The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has resulted in a significant challenge to public health throughout the globe. It required the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Retatrutide is a groundbreaking triple agoni…
Obesity is a heterogeneous, complex, and chronic disease that has a detrimental impact on disability-adjusted life years across the globe. Recent advancements in our understanding of gut-brain communication at the molecular level have driven the deve…
The prevalence of individuals with overweight and obesity has increased by 18% since 1990 and it is projected that by 2030, nearly 50% of US adults will have obesity. Lifestyle modifications, such as diet and exercise, typically lead to approximately…
From the pioneering moment in 1987 when the insulinotropic effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) was first demonstrated in humans, to today's pharmaceutical gold rush for GLP-1-based treatments of obesity, the journey of GLP-1 pharmacology has be…
Human subcutaneous adipocytes are an attractive therapeutic target in regulating overall physiological homeostasis. However, the differentiation of primary human adipose-derived models remains challenging. Here, we present a protocol to differentiate…
INTRODUCTION: Despite there being a wide range of medicines available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, the high rate of mortality suggests treatment needs to be improved. Only a few medicines have shown long-term effectiveness in obesity, and ne…
BACKGROUND: Retatrutide (LY3437943) is an agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1, and glucagon receptors. Its dose-response relationships with respect to side effects, safety, and efficacy for the treatme…
Following the introduction of mono- and then dual hormone (incretin) receptor agonists into therapy, attention was turned to multiple receptor stimulation, with the additional activation of the glucagon receptor, as a new option for the pharmaceutica…
INTRODUCTION: Obesity treatment is evolving rapidly with the emergence of agents targeting incretin receptors. Retatrutide, a triple agonist of these receptors, shows promise in obesity management. AREAS COVERED: Retatrutide, in phase-2 trials, exhib…
INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and some cancers. Retatrutide stimulates Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors, and glucagon re…
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are an essential interface between the gut and brain that communicate signals about nutrients, pain, and even information from our microbiome. EECs are hormone-producing cells expressed throughout the gastrointestinal epi…