Weight change from incretin-based weight loss medications across categories of second-generation antipsychotics.

OBJECTIVE: Patients prescribed second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) are at risk of antipsychotic induced weight gain (AIWG). The objective was to estimate weight changes after prescription of incretin-based weight loss medications by category of expected AIWG: high (olanzapine, clozapine), intermediate (risperidone, quetiapine, paliperidone) and low (e.g., asenapine, aripiprazole). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records (June 2021-December 2023) from Epic Cosmos for adults (≥18 years) without diabetes, prescribed SGA, and eligible for incretin-based weight loss medications. We studied changes in weight (kg) and the probability of at least 5% weight loss after 6 months of prescription of incretin-based medications by categories of AIWG. RESULTS: The analytic sample (n = 66,574) were aged 51.9 years (SD: 17.7), with average BMI of 39.5 kg/m(SD: 7.7). Those prescribed incretin-based medications lost -2.17 kg (95% CI: -2.49, -1.84), and were 1.71 (95% CI: 1.63, 1.80) times more likely to achieve 5% weight loss, relative to those who didn't receive prescriptions. Weight loss was greater among those prescribed SGAs of low AIWG (-3.02 kg, 95% CI: -3.29, -2.74), relative to those prescribed high AIWG (-1.33 kg, 95% CI: -2.04, -0.62). CONCLUSIONS: Semaglutide and tirzepatide induce weight loss among those prescribed SGAs, with lower effectiveness in those prescribed higher AIWG SGAs.