Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide/Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Conditions.

Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1 receptor agonists, initially developed as glucose-lowering therapies for the management of type 2 diabetes, continues to expand in parallel with our understanding of their beneficial effects on cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic conditions. Large clinical outcome trials have established GLP-1 receptor agonists as guideline-directed therapies to improve glycemia, achieve, and maintain weight management goals, and mitigate cardiovascular and kidney risk, with early evidence suggesting similar benefits with the dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide.