Semax was tested across a range of doses in rats exposed to both brief and prolonged immobilization stress to assess its effect on liver oxidative stress and enzyme activity. Under chronic stress, Semax consistently acted as an antioxidant in liver tissue, while at very high doses it increased liver enzyme markers. The direction and magnitude of Semax's effects on liver stress responses depended heavily on both the dose and the type of stress, indicating a complex, context-dependent profile.
Bobyntsev, I; Kryukov, A A; Shepeleva, M; Ivanov, A V